Trade and Tariffs
A portion of Trumps raft of executive orders focused on his trade agenda.
The 47th president presented a broad tradememorandumthat directs federal agencies, including the Treasury, Commerce, and Homeland Security, to examine unfair trade relationships and currency policies with other countries, particularly Canada, Mexico, and China.
Trump will not impose new levies on other nations.
This does not mean he will abandon his pursuit of tariffs. Speaking to reporters from the White House, Trump said he will consider imposing 25 percent tariffs on Canada and Mexico on Feb. 1 because of their trade policies. The president noted he will think about putting levies on China if it does not approve a TikTok deal.
He also pledged to overhaul the trade system in his inauguration speech.
I will immediately begin the overhaul of our trade system to protect American workers and families. Instead of taxing our citizens to enrich other countries, we will tariff and tax foreign countries to enrich our citizens, he said.
You put a universal tariff on anybody doing business in the United States, because theyre coming in and theyre stealing our wealth, theyre stealing our jobs, theyre stealing our companies. Theyre hurting our companies, Trump told reporters.
Trump reiterated his plan to establish an External Revenue Service to collect all tariffs, duties, and revenues from foreign businesses and countries.
Tariffs were a chief tenet of his election campaign. He vowed to impose 10 to 20 percent universal levies on all U.S. importers and 60 to 100 percent tariffs on Chinese products arriving in the United States. Shortly after the November election, Trump threatened 25 percent tariffs on Canada and Mexico if they didnt curb illegal immigration and fentanyl trafficking.
WHO Withdrawal
Trump also signed anexecutive orderto remove the United States from the World Health Organization (WHO), a United Nations agency.
The order also ends any negotiations on the organizations global pandemic treaty.
It instructs the secretary of state to inform the top ranks of the WHO and the United Nations. The Senate overwhelmingly confirmed Sen. Marco Rubio (R-Fla.) to that position earlier on Jan. 20.
Trump previously withdrew the United States from the WHO in 2020, against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic. Biden rejoined the organization soon after taking office. The order revokes the Biden administration communication to rejoin.
Climate Pact Exit
Trump has again withdrawn the United States from the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement, essentially reissuing his 2017 executive order leaving the global accord.
It will take a year to formally disenroll from the pact but it signals the nations energy policy will no longer adhere to global carbon emission goals.
The United States will not sabotage our own industries while China pollutes with impunity, Trump said at the Capital One Arena.
You know, China, they use a lot of dirty energy, but they produce a lot of energy and when that stuff goes up in the air, you know, [it] doesnt stay there it floats into the United States of America, he said.
It is difficult to fight for cleaner air when dirty air is dropping all over us, Trump said. Unless everybody does it, it just doesnt work.
Withdrawing from the climate pact will save taxpayers $1 trillion, the White House said.
National Energy Emergency
Trump declared a national energy emergency, and opened millions of acres in Alaska to fossil fuel development in the first of many energy-related executive actions expected.
We will drill baby drill, Trump vowed to rousing applause during his inauguration address, noting the nation has the largest amount of energy, of oil and gas, than any country on Earth and we are going to use it.
Under his Unleash American Energy executive orders emergency declaration, the president can streamline permitting, loosen regulations, and use all necessary resources to build critical infrastructure. such as pipelines and electric grid expansion.
We are going to export energy all over the world. We will be a rich nation again and it will be that liquid gold below our feet that makes it happen, he said.
Trump directed the Department of Interior (DOI) to restore oil and gas leasing on 13 million acres in Alaskas 23-million-acre National Petroleum Reserve, reversing Bidens order reversing his first-term order.
At least two orders unplugged Biden executive orders that placed restrictions on offshore drilling across 625 million acres off the east and west coasts only weeks ago.
Inflation Reduction Act
Three other orders reverse energy-related Biden orders that provided regulatory authority for implementing many aspects of the 2022 Inflation Reduction Act (IRA).
Trump and Republican congressional leaders vow to dismember the massive IRA which, along with the 2021 Bipartisan Infrastructure Law and the 2022 CHIPS & Science Act, are the signature bills of Bidens New Green Deal.
The IRA alone authorizes 10 years of sustained tax credits, low-interest loans, and grant programs that by someestimatescould top $1 trillion.
Untangling the IRA will require legislation and some of its provisions are popular, including in Republican congressional districts.
By repealing Bidens three executive orders, the White House and Congress can administratively tighten tax credits, claw back some loans and grants, and revise unfinalized rules under the Congressional Review Act to chip away at the IRA.
End of EV Agenda
In line with his vision for U.S. energy, Trumprescindedanexecutive ordersigned by Biden in August 2021 that set a target of 50 percent zero-emission new vehicle sales by the end of the decade. Electric vehicle sales in the United States reached 8.1 percent of sales in 2024,accordingto Cox Automotive.
The 47th president also overturned a December 2021executive orderrequiring that, by 2035, all vehicles the government procures are emission-free. Light-body vehicles would have had to meet that mark by 2027.
Another new executive order establishes as U.S. policy an intention to eliminate electric vehicle subsidies and to eliminate state fuel emissions waivers. California introduced its Clean Air Act waiver as a regulatory driver of electric vehicle adoption.
The president said his orders make good on his promises to Americas autoworkers.
Youll be able to buy the car of your choice, he added. We will build automobiles in America again at a rate that nobody could have dreamt possible just a few years ago.
Bidens August 2021 executive order directed the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to work on new emissions standards.
Consequently, an EPA rule, finalized earlier this year, required automakers to tighten tailpipe emissions standards in a gradual fashion through 2032.
The regulation, which was less severe than one proposed by the same agency in 2023, set atargetof 56 percent electric for all new vehicle sales by 2032.
Federal Bureaucracy, DOGE
Trump alsopromisedto reform and streamline government bureaucracy so that it will work for the American people, including by freezing bureaucrat hiring except in essential areas.
He announced the rescission of a slate of executive orders with the goal to improve government workers accountability. Another EO requires that all federal workers return to in-person work, noting that only 6 percent of employees currently work in person.
Another executive orderformalizesthe new Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE). It repurposes the U.S. Digital Service to serve as a White House-based U.S. DOGE Service. Additionally, it creates a time-limited service organization to administer DOGE.
It also mandates DOGE teams of at least four people across all federal agencies. Software modernization is a key focus of the DOGE executive order, in line with the tech-forward outlook of DOGEs leader to date, Elon Musk.
No Government Censorship
Trump issued an executive order against government censorship, which he vowed would bring back free speech to America.
Never again will the immense power of the state be weaponized to persecute political opponents, something I know something about, Trump said in his inaugural address.
Theexecutive orderestablishes as policy that federal employees cannot restrain American citizens free speech or use money from taxpayers to that end.
It also directs the attorney general to prepare a report to address abuses against Americans free speech under the Biden administration.
While on the campaign trail, the president outlined his plans for a day one executive order targeting restrictions on speech, often carried out by Big Tech firms under pressure from the federal government.
Trump added that he would swiftly purge the federal government of those who facilitated domestic censorship and keep federal funds from going to initiatives that would empower certain groups to determine what is mis- or disinformation.
While advocates of such programs say they combat falsehoods online, especially those spread by unfriendly state actors, opponents say that recent campaigns against mis- and disinformation have targeted many Americans on political grounds.
Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg, who attended Trumps inauguration alongside Jeff Bezos and other tech titans, previouslydivulgedthat the Biden administration pressured Facebook to carry out ideological censorship.
The executive order calls government censorship intolerable in a free society.
Under the guise of combating misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation, the Federal Government infringed on the constitutionally protected speech rights of American citizens across the United States in a manner that advanced the Governments preferred narrative about significant matters of public debate, the order states.
Security Clearances Stripped
Trumps executive actions also include an order targeting election interference. It cites the 2020 letter signed by 51 former intelligence officials who dismissed accounts of Hunter Bidens laptop as part of a Russian disinformation campaign.
The executive order also criticizes a 2019 memoir from Trumps former national security advisor, John Bolton, describing it as rife with sensitive information drawn from his time in government.
The order revokes the security clearances of Bolton as well as 49 intelligence officials involved in the 2020 Hunter Biden laptop analysis, including former director of national intelligence James Clapper, former Central Intelligence Agency Director John Brennan, and former Defense Secretary Leon Panetta.
It also instructs the director of national intelligence to produce a report on steps to take to prevent election interference in the future.
Pardons for Jan. 6
The new president also followed through on a promise to pardon participants in the U.S. Capitol breach on Jan. 6, 2021.
Trump pardoned roughly 1,500 who were charged in connection with that event while commuting the sentences of 14 others. Those who have been pardonedincludeformer Proud Boys leader Enrique Tarrio.
Youre gonna see a lot of action on the J6 hostages, Trump promised earlier in the day at the Capitol.
Trumps pardons for Jan. 6 defendants were issued hours after Biden issued a slew of his own preemptive pardons.
Bidens Jan. 20pardonsencompassed Dr. Anthony Fauci, Gen. Mark Milley, and the Jan. 6 congressional committee, including former Rep. Liz Cheney (R-Wyo.).
Why are we trying to help a guy like Milley? Trump asked on Monday. Why are we helping Liz Cheney?
In the final minutes before Trump and Vance were sworn in, Biden ended his presidency by preemptivelypardoninghis siblings and their spouses. In December, Biden pardoned his son, Hunter, as the younger Biden faced sentencing and a lengthy prison sentence for firearm and tax convictions.
TikTok Reprieve
Trumpsignedan executive order to give social media platform TikTok 75 days to secure a U.S. buyer. Without separating from its Beijing-based parent company, ByteDance, TikTok faces a ban in the United States.
After a 14-hour shutdown over the weekend as the original deadline of Jan. 19 approached, TikTokresumedits service after Trump signaled that he would grant the company an extension.
Last week, the Supreme Courtupheldthe divest-or-ban law, citing valid national security concerns due to TikToks scale and susceptibility to foreign adversary control and the vast swaths of sensitive data the platform collects.
ByteDance, TikTok, and TikTok content creatorschallengedthe law soon after it wasenactedin April last year. They brought their case to the nations highest court after a federal appeals court denied their claims on First Amendment grounds.
At the core of the transaction is the algorithm owned by China-based ByteDance, without which TikTok wouldnt be the same. China on Jan. 20 indicated for the first time it would be open to a transaction to allow TikTok to operate in the United States after consistentlyrejectingany deal for divestiture, citing technology transfer concerns.
Previous attempts by Oracle and Walmart to acquire ByteDances U.S. operations fell apart in 2021.
Mondays executive order is Trumps second one addressing TikTok. In August 2020, during his first term, heissuedan EO to ban the video app over national security risks. TikTok sued and overturned that EO with a court order in December 2020.
DEI Targeted
Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) policies were the focus ofanotherexecutive order.
This week, I will also end the government policy of trying to socially engineer race and gender into every aspect of public and private light, Trump said in his inauguration speech. We will forge a society that is color-blind and merit-based.
The new order ends all federal programs and preferences that are based on race, sex, gender, or any other immutable characteristics. It also instructs the Director of the Office of Management and Budget and the attorney general to terminate all discriminatory programs, including illegal DEI and diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility (DEIA) mandates, policies, programs, preferences, and activities in the Federal Government, under whatever name they appear.
A White Housestatementsaid Trump will freeze bureaucrat hiring except in essential areas to end the onslaught of useless and overpaid DEI activists buried into the federal workforce.
The Biden administration prioritized DEI efforts, which often encourages hiring practices that give advantages based on metrics including gender and race.
Anotherexecutive orderseeks to ensure that merit guides hiring in the federal government rather than race, sex or other factors.
Two Sexes Policy
Trump also signed anorderto create a new U.S. policy on gender.
As of today, it will henceforth be the official policy of the United States government that there are only two gendersmale and female, Trump said in his inauguration speech.
Trumps executive order defines a female as a person belonging at conception to the sex that produces the large reproductive cell, which refers to eggs or ovum.
The definition does not distinguish gender and sex based on chromosomes, bypassing the issue of those who may have an irregular combination of chromosomes.
The federal government will no longer promote gender ideology and will revoke the Biden administrations efforts to expand Title IX to include gender identity.
The EO also protects womens privacy in intimate spaces such as bathrooms and changing rooms, while also safeguarding against enforcing pronoun policies that encroach on free speech.
Name Changes
Another EOdirectsthe Interior department to rename the nations tallest mountain and a massive Atlantic Ocean basin in the southeast.
We will restore the name of a great president, William McKinley, to Mount McKinley, where it should be and where it belongs, Trump said in his inauguration speech.
Mount McKinley received its original name in 1896 by prospector William Dickey, who named it after then-presidential candidate William McKinley. President Barack Obama renamed it to Denali in 2015, a name long used by Native American tribes in the area.
Trump also said the Gulf of Mexico will be renamed to the Gulf of America.
The Department of Interior will oversee the change to any reference in laws, maps, regulations, documents, papers, or other U.S. records to refer to the basin as the Gulf of America.
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